Correlation Between PD-1/CTLA-4 Expressions with C linicopathological Features and Prognosis of Osteosarcoma Patients / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma and their clinical significance. Methods Fifty-eight cases of osteosarcoma encountered from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled. The expression levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 were detected through immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). Results PD-1 was positively expressed in 31 (53.4%) cases and negatively expressed in 27 (46.6%) cases. CTLA-4 was positively expressed in 19 (32.8%) cases and negatively expressed in 39 (67.2%) cases. A total of 12 (20.7%) cases were PD-1 and CTLA-4 double positive, whereas 20 (34.5%) cases were double negative, and 26 (44.8%) cases were single positive. The positive expression of PD-1 was correlated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor metastasis and relapse, and shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The positive expression of CTLA-4 was partly related with late Ennecking stage (P=0.051). Double positive expression was related to the highest tumor metastasis and relapse rates and the worst prognosis (P < 0.05), compared with double negative and single positive expression. Conclusion Positive expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma is associated with worse prognosis, whereas double positive expression is associated with the highest tumor relapse and metastasis rates and shortest survival time. These results are potential valuable references for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.

Study on mechanisms of humoral immunity in SARS / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the roles of humoral immunity in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods The pathological changes in the SARS autopsy case and a case of lung puncture were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The autoantibody and immune complexes in the sample tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining and histochemical staining. Results There were severely diffusive damages in the lungs. The endothelial cells in blood were injured. Fibrinoid necroses of blood vessels were observed in several organs and injury of immune organs and massive autoantibody and immune complexes were found in pathologically changed tissues. Electron dense deposits were observed in the basement membrane of blood vessels and mesangial matrix of glomerulus by electron microscopy. Conclusion The SARS viruses not only cause direct damages to the tissues but also lead to immune complex mediated hypersensitivity which in turn gives rise to a large number of tissue lesions. This indicates that the humoral immunity plays an important role in the process of organ damages.